Also Royal Adderley. Used marks "W A A" and "W A A & Co" for wares made at Longton, 1876 to 1905.
Later part of Ridgway Potteries Ltd.
Agate Ware
Earthenware made to look like agate by building up irregular layers of clays
coloured white, brown, green and blue.
Astbury
Astbury is a place near Congleton in Cheshire (England).
The Church of St Mary can be found in Astbury.
This is a large battlemented church built between the 13th and 15th centuries,
with the unusual combination of one spire and two towers.
[ See Black Astbury. ]
Astbury Fine Bone China of Staffordshire Ltd
A limited company, number 02187835, dissolved 08/03/1995.
John Astbury
Born 1688 died 1743 - Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent Staffordshire.
He was a pioneer of English potting technology and earliest of the great Staffordshire potters.
Thomas Astbury
Son of John Astbury.
Aynsley
In 1775, John Aynsley established a factory at Lane End (now Longton) and became
one of Stoke-on-Trent's earliest master potters.
In 1861 a factory was specially built, solely for the manufacture of fine bone china
made with the then new practice of adding calcined bone. This factory is now known as the
Portland Works and is still in Stoke-on-Trent today.
[Visit the official Aynsley site.]
Fine cane coloured stoneware modelled to resemble bamboo,
fashionable in the Regency period.
Belleek Ware
Ware produced in the Belleek factory in Co. Fermanagh.
Characteristic was the decorative use of marine motifs.
Biscuit
Once-fired unglazed earthenware, stoneware or paste.
Birbeck, Joseph
Born in 1798 Joseph Birbeck was a member of an important and wide ranging family in the ceramic art circles of the early 1800s. He is known to have started at the Coalport factory in Shropshire in about 1820, presumably having served his apprenticeship elsewhere.
Bisque
Unglazed 'frit' porcelain figures with ivory-white velvety texture.
Black Astbury
Design is white in the centre and black around the rim.
There is a gold band separating the colours with some additional fine
gold designs on the black.
Supplied by Wedgwood, to special order.
[ View a price list .]
Blunger
Container in which slip is mixed.
Bodley
Edwin James Drew Bodley worked part of Samuel Alcock's Old Hill Pottery at Burslem
which had been divided into a china and a separate earthenware factory in 1867.
Bone China
Hard-paste porcelain plus bone-ash (Calcium Phosphate).
Bretby
Bretby Art Pottery, more properly known as Tooth & Co. Ltd.,
was started in 1883 by Henry Tooth and William Ault.
Ault left after four years to set up his own pottery at Swadlincote.
The company produced both inexpensive pressed wares and more costly thrown art pottery.
Bretby stayed in the hands of the Tooth family until 1933,
and after the second World War became known as Tooth and Company Limited Bretby Art Pottery.
Marks include the familiar rising sun over the name BRETBY, a stylized HT for Henry Tooth, and the brand names Clanta and Clanta Ware.
Bristol
Name given to a variety of wares made in Bristol.
Early porcelains include Lund's Bristol from 1749 by Benjamin Lund and William Miller.
The works were bought by the Worcester company in 1751.
William Cookworthy produced hard paste porcelains from 1772 to 1781.
Brownware
[ See Nottingham Stoneware ]
Burmantoft
Burmantofts (Messrs. Wilcox and Co. (Ltd.)), Leeds Yorkshire 1882-1904,
originally the firm made bricks sanitary tubes and other architectural goods.
When James Etches became manager in 1879 he began the production of tiles, art pottery and architectural faience.
Wares were dipped in majolica glazes in the popular 'Art Colours' of the period; Olive Green, Lemon yellow,
brown and dark blue. Although the Glazes, in combination with relief moulding, were the sole decoration on most pieces,
a variety of decorative techniques were sometimes employed. Modelled figures such as snakes,
dragons and lizards were applied to vases other ornamental wares. Sgraffito and barbotine techniques were also used.
The vast majority of Burmantoft's output consisted of relief moulded Jardinieres,
flower pots, pedestals and umbrella stands. They also offered a line of small 'uglies and grotesques'
which were dipped in the famous glazes. Speciality output included Anglo Persian influences introduced in 1887,
Anglo Moresque wares introduced in 1900 and Floruda ware, which was unglazed terracotta
with painted floral decoration. Later wares were increasingly in the Art Nouveau style.
Carrigaline Pottery was founded in Cork, Eire, in 1923. Pieces are marked 'Carrig Ware' or 'Carrigaline Pottery'.
Casting
Technique of making articles by pouring liquid or molten materials or metals into a cast.
Ceramic
From the Greek word keramos, originally the art of making pottery,
now a general term for the science of manufacturing articles prepared from pliable,
earthy materials that are made rigid by high-temperature treatment.
China
A country.
[see Bone China and Stoke China]
Clanta
[ See Bretby ]
Clarice Cliff
(1899 - 1972) Designer of the shapes and decorations applied to mass-produced Art Deco
style earthenware.
Clobbering
The addition of coloured enamels and/or gilding over the glaze to early wares printed in
blue under the glaze.
Coalport
Shropshire factory, founded by John Rose.
Coil
Way of building pieces from coils of clay. Can be used to make a pot without using a wheel.
Cone
Cones are specially formulated ceramics formed into triangular, pointy shapes.
When placed in a kiln they will soften and bend (or "mature") at a specific temperature
when the temperature is increased at a specific rate.
If fired faster or slower, the cones will mature at a different temperature.
Cones thus account for the firing history as well as the temperature.
[ See Kiln and Orton ]
Copeland
William Copeland became a partner with Spode in 1797 and after Josiah Spode II died in 1827, William Copeland's son,
William Taylor Copeland, bought the business from the Trustees of Josiah Spode III. Thus in 1833 William Taylor
became sole owner. But then took a partner, Thomas Garrett and the firm became 'Copeland and Garrett',
continuing until 1847.
[see Spode]
Creamware
Cream-coloured earthenware coated with a clear or opaque, cream coloured glaze.
Delphine, Delphine china and Delphine crown china were produced by J H Middleton & Co of Longton, 1889 - 1941.
Denton
Pottery based in Longton, Stoke.
Doulton
Royal Doulton.
Dudson
Dudson specialise in supplying restaurants and hotels.
What their web site does not tell you is that they also have a cash-and-carry which is open to the public and which I recommend as well worth a visit if you want some good quality everyday ware at a sensible price. This is located at:
Nile Street, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent ST6 2BA
Telephone: 01782 821075
Decorated with shallow hollows forming a surface diamond pattern.
Faience
French version of tin glazed earthenware.
Also Lambeth Faience, nineteenth century revival of English,
Italian and French tin glazed earthenware made by Doulton at their Lambeth Potteries.
Felspar percelain
A refined paste developed by Spode at the end of the 18th century for bone china.
Fettle
Process where small flaws and imperfections are corrected.
Finial
Top ornament or decoration on lids of teapots, coffee pots etc.
FlatWare
Plates and saucers.
Flint ware
Earthenware body with the addition of powdered calcined flint.
Fuddling cup
A drinking cup, generally made prior to the 18th century, composed of three or more
interlining cups. To empty one, the entire contents must be drunk.
(1749 - 1754) Early English porcelain, probably made in London. The name arises from a white figure
of a girl in a swing in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Glaze
Applied to porcelain or pottery body to make it waterproof and enhance colour.
Glazes may be clear, opaque or coloured to various degrees.
[ See Lead Glaze and Salt Glaze ]
The familiar densely uniform stone ware in solid colours ornamented in a contrasting hue
was Josiah Wedgwood's most important contribution to ceramic art.
Because of the popularity of the combination of a solid blue base with white bas-relief
ornamentation the beginning collector identifies that colour combination as Jasper when in fact
the pure jasper body is white. It was the ability of this new ceramic material to take an admixture
of uniform colour that gave the wide range of combinations that mark the development of the range
of decorative wares that Wedgwood and his successors at the Wedgwood potteries made into their
trademark product.
Jigger
Machine for making plates, saucers and other flatware.
Phrase "to be jiggered" means to be exhausted.
Jolley
Machine for making cups, bowls and other holloware.
Founded in 1946 in Longton, Stoke-on-Trent and made earthenwares.
Prior to this the trade name was used by A. E Jones (Longton) Ltd who began in about 1905
and traded from Palissy Pottery from 1930. Spode and Royal Worcester merged to form a new company
in July 1976 known as Royal Worcester Spode. In 1958 The Royal Worcester Porcelain Company had bought Palissy.
Palissy was closed in 1989 and the pottery was demolished in August of that year.
Aynsley China Ltd of Sutherland Road, Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, unconnected with Spode and Worcester,
bought the trade name of Palissy in August 1989.
Palissy ware
Minton's name for relief decorated colour-glazed earthenwares.
Some of these wares imitated the work of sixteenth century potter Bernard Palissy.
Parian
Unglazed fine-grained porcelain.
Pearlware
Whiter than cream wares.
Piggy Bank
The term piggy bank dates back to 15th century England.
People would use a type of orange clay called pygg to make jars to hold loose change.
In the 18th century a potter misunderstood an order and made a pygg jar look like a pig.
The term stuck.
Poole
Earthenwares produced by Carter, Stabler & Adams Ltd from 1921 at Poole in Dorset
and generally known as Poole Pottery.
Porcelain
Fine variety of ceramic.
Posset Pot
Posset was a drink / remedy made from warm milk curdled with ale or wine and
flavoured with sugar and spices.
Posset pots usually had two handles and a cover, and some had a spout
through which the posset was sucked or poured.
Red stoneware, usually unglazed and often decorated with applied motifs in relief.
Ridgways
Family of Staffordshire potters.
Rogers
Family of Staffordshire potters.
Royal Albert Works
In Tunstall, Stoke. The factory was built in 1858.
Between 1867 to 1874 was occupied by Turner, Goddard & Co.
From 1875 occupied by Alfred Meakin, later years Astbury China
then Holdenby Design occupied the works.
In 1999 Ravensdale Pottery Ltd occupied the works.
Royal Winton
The Royal Winton brand has roots in Stoke-on-Trent, England that go back over one hundred
years. Originally known as Grimwade Brothers it was founded by Leonard Lumsden Grimwade in 1885.
He was joined in the business by his older brother, Sidney Richard.
[Visit the official Royal Winton site.]
A container for firing in a bottle kiln.
As in 'Sager Maker's Bottom Knocker', a trade and also
a pub in Burslem.
Saltglaze
Staffordshire white stoneware glazed by throwing rock-salt into the kiln at its peak temperature.
Sgraffito
Style of slipware where a slip coat is used which is of a different colour to the body
of the pot and is then decorated by cutting a pattern through the dry
slip coat to reveal the contrasting colour of the body of the pot beneath.
[ See Wet Sgraffito ]
Slip
Clay mixed with water, into a liquid, sieved to remove any particles.
Slipware
Pottery, usually earthenware, whose decoration is based upon the use of slip.
Applying pre-molded relief motifs to the surface of a pottery object and
connecting them by curled stems formed of threads of thinly rolled clay.
Stoke China
Name used by Josiah Spode for English bone china.
Stoneware
Earthenware relatively rich in vitreous material and fired at so
high a temperature that it becomes as hard as stone and non-porous.
[ See Nottingham Stoneware ]
Decoration of ceramics with printed designs transferred to them by specially prepared paper
from engraved and etched copper plates.
Turner, Goddard & Co
Earthenware manufacturer at the Royal Albert Pottery, Parsonage Street, Tunstall, 1867-1874.
[ See Royal Albert Works ]
Tyg
A drinking vessel with more than two handles or two set close together.
It is said to have been used in Staffordshire as another word for porringer,
but its use to denote taller drinking vessels with several handles has not been
traced further back than the nineteenth century.
Manufacturers of special ceramics and limited edition ranges of novelty teapots,
mugs and miniatures.
[Visit the official Wade site.]
Ware
general term for pottery.
[ see Flatware, Holloware, Elers ware, Elton ware etc ]
Waster
A vessel or fragment which has been damaged during firing or later in the process
of manufacture, and has been abandoned as waste.
Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood.
[Visit the official Wedgwood site.]
Well Street Pottery
Works were formerly carried on by Clive & Lloyd, and, after Mr. Lloyd retired, by Stephen Clive
under the style of Stephen Clive & Co. from about 1875 to 1880. They were worked by
Cumberlidge & Humphreys from 1880 to 1885 (and later at the Gordon Pottery).
Their productions were the ordinary middle classes of earthenware goods for the home and foreign markets.
Wet Sgraffito
Crude style of slipware where a pattern is drawn through a trailed slip
while it is still wet.
[ See Sgraffito ]
Wheel
The potter's wheel, is a flat disk that revolves horizontally on a pivot.
Both hands one on the inside and the other on the outside of the clay
are free to shape the pot upward from a ball of clay that is thrown and centered
on the rotating wheel head. Some wheels are set in motion by a stick that fits into
a notch in the wheel (often activated by an assistant); called a handwheel,
this is the classical wheel of Japanese potters.
In 16th-century Europe, with the addition of a flywheel separate from the wheel head
and mounted in a frame, the potter could control the wheel by kicking the flywheel.
A kick bar, or foot treadle, was added in the 19th century.
In the 20th century the electric wheel with a variable-speed motor allowed greater
and better regulated rotating speed.
Willow Pattern
Mock Chinese blue and white transfer-printed pattern found on English pottery
and very rarely on porcelain.
The design usually shows two fleeing figures on a bridge and usually
a third in pursuit; a pagoda, boat, two doves, and top left the
island home; prominent in the foreground are a willow and an 'apple'
tree. Many variations occur.